In 1922, he held American astronomer famous "Edwin Hubble" Edwin Hubble analysis of the light of galaxies using the observatory "Mount Wilson" massive who was considered the largest astronomical observatory optical at that time, and through the analysis spectrum of these galaxies concluded that the spectrum diverges or deviates towards the red, This means physically that these galaxies are moving away from each other, even if it these galaxies is approaching us from each other or to sidetrack the spectrum toward the blue or violet.
As noted by Hubble that away galaxies apart not yt randomly, it is found that galaxies far apart from each other accurately and speeds certain and regular, we have found that whenever the galaxy from us whenever speed was distancing itself higher, and vice versa higher the galaxies closest to us whenever they speed distancing itself less.
As a result, it has put "Hubble" relationship indicates speed away galaxy ratio after us in the universe, which is 55 km / sec per million Farsakh astronomer, Farsakh astronomical "Barsk" Parsic equal to 3.26 light-years, or about 17 km / s per million years light, and there is another unit is Mega Parsec "mega parsec and equal to 3 million light-years ago, and to clarify say that if one of the galaxies away from us million Farsakh astronomical faster separation us by 55 km / sec, and fired on this relationship," Hubble Constant "Hubble's Constant .
The result reached by the Hubble very important and considered of the most important discoveries of the cosmic in the twentieth century, they suggest all clear that the universe is expanding and expanding regularly and accurately, and makes us appreciate the age of the universe through this relationship which is 13.7 billion years old, also makes it possible to know the current size of the universe and its beginning to suggest that he was in a small point and then exploded and took it expands and this evidence is strong evidence of the theory of the "Big Bang" Big Bang and other information from cosmic.
But in the recent period, magazine published "astrophysics" Astrophysical Journal in search of new scientific conducted by astronomers using the Hubble Space U.S. "Spitzer" Spitzer Space Telescope reached it to a more accurate measurement of the expansion of the universe, and to make them conducting an amendment to the "Hubble Constant" has reached a rate of 3 % where the value was adjusted to 74.3 plus or minus 2.1 light-years away in the second per mega Parsec, and this is a huge leap in the accuracy of the measurements of cosmic.
The world of the project Professor "Michael Lerner" Michael Werner of "Jet Propulsion Laboratory" of the U.S. space agency in Pasadena, Calif. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, said he had worked on the study of cosmology thirty years ago and surprised afterwards that the space telescope, "Spitzer" Find more accurate solution for measuring the expansion of the universe and old, stressing the importance of information obtained by the Tlscol space.
As the information obtained by the Space Telescope "Spitzer" will help scientists to develop theories and explanations about the "dark energy" Dark energy is one of the forms default of energy that fills the universe and have the pressure is negative according to the general theory of relativity that talk about space and the universe, and the effect of this negative pressure be qualitatively similar to the opposite force of gravity on large scales, which is the most popular assumption in modern cosmology to explain the expansion of the universe at an accelerating rate, as an explanation of what is known as "the missing article" missing mass in the universe.
The world in a project space telescope, "Spitzer" in Washington, "Glenn and Walgreen's" Glenn Wahlgren said that the vision of the universe infrared, which operates the telescope, "Spitzer" contributed to study the change in gloss variable stars called "Agayfawiat" Cepheid's where the infrared managed to infiltrate cosmic dust and gases and then determine the amount of change in the luminosity of these stars which contributed to accurately measure the size of the universe more precisely and then measuring the Hubble constant is the smallest.
To illustrate in measuring the size of the universe through a change in luminosity stars Agayfawih, the process resembles that holds a candle and a lower brightness further away from you the person who holds the candle, but you can see after the candle through their brightness virtual any, as seen by a person on the grounds know a person Plumaanha real, This applies to stars Agayfawih the terms are candles in the universe can be measured after us as well as after other crime that contribute to determine the Hubble constant is more accurate.
Enables Space Telescope "Spitzer" to determine the 10 stars Qafawih in our Milky Way galaxy and 80 star Qafawia in the galaxy "Magellanic Cloud major" Large Magellanic Cloud, one of the nearby galaxies of our Milky Way galaxy, and seen clearly through the infrared using the Space Telescope Spitzer, This contributed to the measurement after us with great accuracy and resulted in the measurement of the expansion of the universe better and more precise than the former.
